Django 实现注册 + 登录 + cookies 功能

目录[-]

django 快速实现注册功能

前言

　　对于web开来说，用户登陆、注册、文件上传等是最基础的功能，针对不同的web框架，相关的文章非常多，但搜索之后发现大多都不具有完整性，对于想学习web开发的新手来说不具有很强的操作性；对于web应用来说，包括数据库的创建，前端页面的开发，以及中间逻辑层的处理三部分。

　　本系列以可操作性为主，介绍如何通过django web框架来实现一些简单的功能。每一章都具有完整性和独立性。使用新手在动手做的过程中体会web开发的过程，过程中细节请参考相关文档。

本操作的环境：

===================

deepin linux 2013（基于ubuntu）

python 2.7

Django 1.6.2

===================

创建项目与应用

#创建项目
fnngj@fnngj-H24X:~/djpy$ django-admin.py startproject mysite3
fnngj@fnngj-H24X:~/djpy$ cd mysite3
#在项目下创建一个account应用
fnngj@fnngj-H24X:~/djpy/mysite3$ python manage.py startapp account

目录结构如下：

打开mysite3/mysite3/settings.py文件，将应用添加进去：

# Application definition

INSTALLED_APPS = (
    'django.contrib.admin',
    'django.contrib.auth',
    'django.contrib.contenttypes',
    'django.contrib.sessions',
    'django.contrib.messages',
    'django.contrib.staticfiles',
    'account',
)

设计Model（数据库）

打开mysite3/account/models.py文件，添加如下内容

from django.db import models

# Create your models here.
class User(models.Model):
    username = models.CharField(max_length=50)
    password = models.CharField(max_length=50)
    email = models.EmailField()

按照惯例先创建数据库，创建三个字段，用户存放用户名、密码、email 地址等。

下面进行数据库的同步

fnngj@fnngj-H24X:~/djpy/mysite3$ python manage.py syncdb
Creating tables ...
Creating table django_admin_log
Creating table auth_permission
Creating table auth_group_permissions
Creating table auth_group
Creating table auth_user_groups
Creating table auth_user_user_permissions
Creating table auth_user
Creating table django_content_type
Creating table django_session
Creating table account_user
You just installed Django's auth system, which means you don't have any superusers defined.
Would you like to create one now? (yes/no): yes   输入yes/no

Username (leave blank to use 'fnngj'):     用户名（默认当前系统用户名）
Email address: fnngj@126.com     邮箱地址
Password:    密码
Password (again):    确认密码
Superuser created successfully.
Installing custom SQL ...
Installing indexes ...
Installed 0 object(s) from 0 fixture(s)

最后生成的 account_user 表就是我们models.py 中所创建的User类。Django 提供了他们之间的对应关系。

创建视图（逻辑层）

打开mysite3/account/views.py 文件：

#coding=utf-8
from django.shortcuts import render
from django import forms
from django.shortcuts import render_to_response
from django.http import HttpResponse,HttpResponseRedirect
from django.template import RequestContext
from account.models import User

#定义表单模型
class UserForm(forms.Form):
    username = forms.CharField(label='用户名：',max_length=100)
    passworld = forms.CharField(label='密码：',widget=forms.PasswordInput())
    email = forms.EmailField(label='电子邮件：')

# Create your views here.
def register(request):
    if request.method == "POST":
        uf = UserForm(request.POST)
        if uf.is_valid():
            #获取表单信息
            username = uf.cleaned_data['username']
            passworld = uf.cleaned_data['passworld']
            email = uf.cleaned_data['email']
            #将表单写入数据库
            user = User()
            user.username = username
            user.passworld = passworld
            user.email = email
            user.save()
            #返回注册成功页面
            return render_to_response('success.html',{'username':username})
    else:
        uf = UserForm()
    return render_to_response('register.html',{'uf':uf})

的这个逻辑中主要做了几件事，首先提供给用户一个注册页面（register.html），UserForm类定义了表单在注册页面上的显示。接受用户填写的表单信息，然后将表单信息写入到数据库，最后返回给用户一个注册成功的页面（success.html）

创建模板文件（前端页面）

在逻辑层提到了两个页面，一个注册页，一个注册成功页面。所以我们要把这两个页面创建出来。

先在mysite3/account/目录下创建templates目录，接着在mysite3/account/templates/目录下创建register.html 文件：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd">
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" lang="en">
<head>
    <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" />
    <title>用户注册</title>
</head>
  <style type="text/css">
    body{color:#efd;background:#453;padding:0 5em;margin:0}
    h1{padding:2em 1em;background:#675}
    h2{color:#bf8;border-top:1px dotted #fff;margin-top:2em}
    p{margin:1em 0}
  </style>
<body>
<h1>注册页面：</h1>
<form method = 'post' enctype="multipart/form-data">
{{uf.as_p}}
<input type="submit" value = "ok" />
</form>
</body>
</html>

mysite3/account/templates/目录下创建success.html 文件:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd">
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" lang="en">
<head>
    <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" />
    <title></title>
</head>
<body>
    <h1>恭喜{{username}},注册成功！</h1>
</form>
</body>
</html>

设置模板路径

打开mysite3/mysite3/settings.py文件，在底部添加：

#template
TEMPLATE_DIRS=(
    '/home/fnngj/djpy/mysite3/account/templates'
)

设置URL

设置URL的配置也是django web框架的一大特色。打开mysite3/mysite3/urls.py：

from django.conf.urls import patterns, include, url

from django.contrib import admin
admin.autodiscover()

urlpatterns = patterns('',
    # Examples:
    # url(r'^$', 'mysite3.views.home', name='home'),
    # url(r'^blog/', include('blog.urls')),

    url(r'^admin/', include(admin.site.urls)),
    url(r'^account/', include('account.urls')),
)

在mysite3/account/目录下创建urls.py文件：

from django.conf.urls import patterns, url
from account import views


urlpatterns = patterns('',
    url(r'^$', views.register, name='register'),
    url(r'^register/$',views.register,name = 'register'),
)

这里人配置表示：访问

http://127.0.0.1:8000/account/

http://127.0.0.1:8000/account/register/

都会指向一个注册页面。

体验注册

当所有工作都完成之后，下面体验一下我们的注册功能吧。

启动服务：

fnngj@fnngj-H24X:~/djpy/mysite3$ python manage.py runserver
Validating models...

0 errors found
May 21, 2014 - 14:31:32
Django version 1.6.2, using settings 'mysite3.settings'
Starting development server at http://127.0.0.1:8000/
Quit the server with CONTROL-C.

访问注册页面：

因为在register.html 文件中加了一点样式，所以看上去好看了一点，但作为一个审美的人观念的人无法容忍这样丑陋的页面存在。

以免错误的再次出现，

打开mysite3/mysite3/settings.py文件，将下面一行代码注释：

MIDDLEWARE_CLASSES = (
    'django.contrib.sessions.middleware.SessionMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.common.CommonMiddleware',
    #'django.middleware.csrf.CsrfViewMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.messages.middleware.MessageMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.clickjacking.XFrameOptionsMiddleware',
)

现在可以作为一个用户去填写表单了。

注册的用户哪儿去了？

你依然可以像昨天一样去查询数据库，但为什么不利用admin呢？

打开mysite3/account/models.py文件：

from django.db import models
from django.contrib import admin
# Create your models here.
class User(models.Model):
    username = models.CharField(max_length=50)
    password = models.CharField(max_length=50)
    email = models.EmailField()

class UserAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
    list_display = ('username','email')

admin.site.register(User,UserAdmin)

重新初始化数据库：

fnngj@fnngj-H24X:~/djpy/mysite3$ python manage.py syncdb
Creating tables ...
Installing custom SQL ...
Installing indexes ...
Installed 0 object(s) from 0 fixture(s)

登陆admin 后台

http://127.0.0.1:8000/admin/

登陆所需要的用户名和密码就是我们第一次同步数据库时所设置。

然后我们就看到刚刚注册的那个用户信息。

创建项目与应用

#创建项目
fnngj@fnngj-H24X:~/djpy$ django-admin.py startproject mysite4
fnngj@fnngj-H24X:~/djpy$ cd mysite4
#在项目下创建一个login应用
fnngj@fnngj-H24X:~/djpy/mysite4$ python manage.py startapp login

项目目录结构如下：

打开mysite4/mysite4/settings.py文件，将应用添加进去：

# Application definition
INSTALLED_APPS = (
    'django.contrib.admin',
    'django.contrib.auth',
    'django.contrib.contenttypes',
    'django.contrib.sessions',
    'django.contrib.messages',
    'django.contrib.staticfiles',
    'login',
)
……
#顺便注释csrf 
MIDDLEWARE_CLASSES = (
    'django.contrib.sessions.middleware.SessionMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.common.CommonMiddleware',
    #'django.middleware.csrf.CsrfViewMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.messages.middleware.MessageMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.clickjacking.XFrameOptionsMiddleware',
)

设计model（数据库）

打开mysite4/login/models.py文件，添加如下内容

from django.db import models
from django.contrib import admin
# Create your models here.
class User(models.Model):
    username = models.CharField(max_length=50)
　password = models.CharField(max_length=50)

admin.site.register(User)

创建一个User表，有两个字段username、password

然后，进行数据库的同步：

fnngj@fnngj-H24X:~/djpy/mysite4$ python manage.py syncdb
Creating tables ...
Creating table django_admin_log
Creating table auth_permission
Creating table auth_group_permissions
Creating table auth_group
Creating table auth_user_groups
Creating table auth_user_user_permissions
Creating table auth_user
Creating table django_content_type
Creating table django_session
Creating table login_user
You just installed Django's auth system, which means you don't have any superusers defined.
Would you like to create one now? (yes/no): yes   输入yes/no

Username (leave blank to use 'fnngj'):     用户名（默认当前系统用户名）
Email address: fnngj@126.com     邮箱地址
Password:    密码
Password (again):    确认密码
Superuser created successfully.
Installing custom SQL ...
Installing indexes ...
Installed 0 object(s) from 0 fixture(s)

配置URL

打开mysite4/mysite4/urls.py：

from django.conf.urls import patterns, include, url

from django.contrib import admin
admin.autodiscover()

urlpatterns = patterns('',
    # Examples:
    # url(r'^$', 'mysite5.views.home', name='home'),
    # url(r'^blog/', include('blog.urls')),

    url(r'^admin/', include(admin.site.urls)),
)

启动服务

fnngj@fnngj-H24X:~/djpy/mysite4$ python manage.py runserver
Validating models...

0 errors found
May 21, 2014 - 14:31:32
Django version 1.6.2, using settings 'mysite4.settings'
Starting development server at http://127.0.0.1:8000/
Quit the server with CONTROL-C.

访问admin

http://127.0.0.1:8000/admin/

登录用户名和密码为我们进行数据库同步时所设置的信息。

登录之后，选择add 添加用户。

创建用户，点击save

再次打开mysite4/login/models.py文件，添加如下内容

from django.db import models
from django.contrib import admin
# Create your models here.
class User(models.Model):
    username = models.CharField(max_length=50)
　　　password = models.CharField(max_length=50)

class UserAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
    list_display = ('username','password')

admin.site.register(User,UserAdmin)

再次刷新，admin后台，如下显示：

创建视图

现在我们已经生成了一个用户信息表，下面要做的就是设计用户登录功能了。

打开mysite4/login/views.py 文件

#coding=utf-8
from django.shortcuts import render,render_to_response
from django.http import HttpResponseRedirect
from login.models import User
from django import forms


#定义表单模型
class UserForm(forms.Form):
    username = forms.CharField(label='用户名：',max_length=100)
    password = forms.CharField(label='密码：',widget=forms.PasswordInput())

#登录
def login(request):
    if request.method == 'POST':
        uf = UserForm(request.POST)
        if uf.is_valid():
            #获取表单用户密码
            username = uf.cleaned_data['username']
            password = uf.cleaned_data['password']
            #获取的表单数据与数据库进行比较
            user = User.objects.filter(username__exact = username,password__exact = password)
            if user:
                return render_to_response('success.html',{'username':username})
            else:
                return HttpResponseRedirect('/login/')
    else:
        uf = UserForm()
    return render_to_response('login.html',{'uf':uf})

　　上面登录的核心是比较，拿到用户填写的表单数据（用户名、密码）与数据库User表中的字段进行比较，根据比较结果，如果成功跳转到success.html页面，如果失败还留在原来页面login.html 。

创建模板

根据视图层的要求，我们需要创建两个页面，success.html 和login.html

先在mysite4/login/目录下创建templates目录，接着在mysite4/login/templates/目录下创建login.html 文件：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd">
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" lang="en">
<head>
    <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" />
    <title>登录</title>
</head>
 <style type="text/css">
    body{color:#efd;background:#453;padding:0 5em;margin:0}
    h1{padding:2em 1em;background:#675}
    h2{color:#bf8;border-top:1px dotted #fff;margin-top:2em}
    p{margin:1em 0}
  </style>
<body>
<h1>登录页面：</h1>
<form method = 'post' enctype="multipart/form-data">
    {{uf.as_p}}
    <input type="submit" value = "ok" />
</form>
</body>
</html>

在mysite4/login/templates/目录下创建success.html 文件：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd">
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" lang="en">
<head>
    <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" />
    <title></title>
</head>
<body>
    <h1>恭喜{{username}},登录成功！</h1>
</form>
</body>
</html>

设置模板路径

打开mysite4/mysite4/settings.py文件，在底部添加：

#template
TEMPLATE_DIRS=(
    '/home/fnngj/djpy/mysite4/login/templates'
)

配置URL

打开mysite4/mysite4/urls.py：

from django.conf.urls import patterns, include, url

from django.contrib import admin
admin.autodiscover()

urlpatterns = patterns('',
    # Examples:
    # url(r'^$', 'mysite5.views.home', name='home'),
    url(r'^login/', include('login.urls')),
    url(r'^admin/', include(admin.site.urls)),
)

创建文件mysite4/login/urls.py

from django.conf.urls import patterns, url
from login import views


urlpatterns = patterns('',
    url(r'^$', views.login, name='login'),
)

启动服务（python manage.py runserver），

访问登录页面（http://127.0.0.1:8000/login/）

用户名、密码正确，点击OK ，跳转到登录成功页面：

3. 经过前面几节的练习，我们已经熟悉了django 的套路，这里来实现一个比较完整的登陆系统，其中包括注册、登陆、以及cookie的使用。

创建项目与应用

#创建项目
fnngj@fnngj-H24X:~/djpy$ django-admin.py startproject mysite5
fnngj@fnngj-H24X:~/djpy$ cd mysite5
#在项目下创建一个online应用
fnngj@fnngj-H24X:~/djpy/mysite5$ python manage.py startapp online

目录结构如下：

打开mysite5/mysite5/settings.py文件，将应用添加进去：

# Application definition

INSTALLED_APPS = (
    'django.contrib.admin',
    'django.contrib.auth',
    'django.contrib.contenttypes',
    'django.contrib.sessions',
    'django.contrib.messages',
    'django.contrib.staticfiles',
    'online',
)

设计数据库

打开mysite5/online/models.py文件，添加如下内容:

from django.db import models

# Create your models here.
class User(models.Model):
    username = models.CharField(max_length=50)
    password = models.CharField(max_length=50)

    def __unicode__(self):
        return self.username

创建数据库，创建User表，用户名和密码两个字段。

下面进行数据库的同步：

fnngj@fnngj-H24X:~/djpy/mysite5$ python manage.py syncdb
Creating tables ...
Creating table django_admin_log
Creating table auth_permission
Creating table auth_group_permissions
Creating table auth_group
Creating table auth_user_groups
Creating table auth_user_user_permissions
Creating table auth_user
Creating table django_content_type
Creating table django_session
Creating table online_user
You just installed Django's auth system, which means you don't have any superusers defined.
Would you like to create one now? (yes/no): yes   输入yes/no

Username (leave blank to use 'fnngj'):     用户名（默认当前系统用户名）
Email address: fnngj@126.com     邮箱地址
Password:    密码
Password (again):    确认密码
Superuser created successfully.
Installing custom SQL ...
Installing indexes ...
Installed 0 object(s) from 0 fixture(s)

最后生成的 online_user 表就是我们models.py 中所创建的User类。

配置URL

打开mysite5/mysite5/urls.py：

from django.conf.urls import patterns, include, url

from django.contrib import admin
admin.autodiscover()

urlpatterns = patterns('',
    # Examples:
    # url(r'^$', 'mysite5.views.home', name='home'),

    url(r'^admin/', include(admin.site.urls)),
    url(r'^online/', include('online.urls')),
)

在mysite5/online/目录下创建urls.py文件：

from django.conf.urls import patterns, url
from online import views


urlpatterns = patterns('',
    url(r'^$', views.login, name='login'),
    url(r'^login/$',views.login,name = 'login'),
    url(r'^regist/$',views.regist,name = 'regist'),
    url(r'^index/$',views.index,name = 'index'),
    url(r'^logout/$',views.logout,name = 'logout'),
)

http://127.0.0.1:8000/online/ 登陆页

http://127.0.0.1:8000/online/login/ 登陆页

http://127.0.0.1:8000/online/regist/ 注册页

http://127.0.0.1:8000/online/index/ 登陆成功页

http://127.0.0.1:8000/online/logout/ 注销

创建视图

打开mysite5/online/views.py 文件：

#coding=utf-8
from django.shortcuts import render,render_to_response
from django.http import HttpResponse,HttpResponseRedirect
from django.template import RequestContext
from django import forms
from models import User

#表单
class UserForm(forms.Form): 
    username = forms.CharField(label='用户名',max_length=100)
    password = forms.CharField(label='密码',widget=forms.PasswordInput())


#注册
def regist(req):
    if req.method == 'POST':
        uf = UserForm(req.POST)
        if uf.is_valid():
            #获得表单数据
            username = uf.cleaned_data['username']
            password = uf.cleaned_data['password']
            #添加到数据库
            User.objects.create(username= username,password=password)
            return HttpResponse('regist success!!')
    else:
        uf = UserForm()
    return render_to_response('regist.html',{'uf':uf}, context_instance=RequestContext(req))

#登陆
def login(req):
    if req.method == 'POST':
        uf = UserForm(req.POST)
        if uf.is_valid():
            #获取表单用户密码
            username = uf.cleaned_data['username']
            password = uf.cleaned_data['password']
            #获取的表单数据与数据库进行比较
            user = User.objects.filter(username__exact = username,password__exact = password)
            if user:
                #比较成功，跳转index
                response = HttpResponseRedirect('/online/index/')
                #将username写入浏览器cookie,失效时间为3600
                response.set_cookie('username',username,3600)
                return response
            else:
                #比较失败，还在login
                return HttpResponseRedirect('/online/login/')
    else:
        uf = UserForm()
    return render_to_response('login.html',{'uf':uf},context_instance=RequestContext(req))

#登陆成功
def index(req):
    username = req.COOKIES.get('username','')
    return render_to_response('index.html' ,{'username':username})

#退出
def logout(req):
    response = HttpResponse('logout !!')
    #清理cookie里保存username
    response.delete_cookie('username')
    return response

这里实现了所有注册，登陆逻辑，中间用到cookie创建，读取，删除操作等。

创建模板

先在mysite5/online/目录下创建templates目录，接着在mysite5/online/templates/目录下创建regist.html 文件：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd">
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" lang="en">
<head>
    <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" />
    <title>注册</title>
</head>

<body>
<h1>注册页面：</h1>
<form method = 'post' enctype="multipart/form-data">
    {% csrf_token %}
    {{uf.as_p}}
    <input type="submit" value = "ok" />
</form>
<br>
<a href="http://127.0.0.1:8000/online/login/">登陆</a>
</body>
</html>

mysite5/online/templates/目录下创建login.html 文件：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd">
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" lang="en">
<head>
    <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" />
    <title>登陆</title>
</head>

<body>
<h1>登陆页面：</h1>
<form method = 'post' enctype="multipart/form-data">
    {% csrf_token %}
    {{uf.as_p}}
    <input type="submit" value = "ok" />
</form>
<br>
<a href="http://127.0.0.1:8000/online/regist/">注册</a>
</body>
</html>

mysite5/online/templates/目录下创建index.html 文件：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd">
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" lang="en">
<head>
    <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" />
    <title></title>
</head>

<body>
<h1>welcome {{username}} !</h1>
<br>
<a href="http://127.0.0.1:8000/online/logout/">退出</a>
</body>
</html>

设置模板路径

打开mysite5/mysite5/settings.py文件，在底部添加：

#template
TEMPLATE_DIRS=(
    '/home/fnngj/djpy/mysite5/online/templates'
)

使用功能

先注册用户：

注册成功，提示“regist success!!”

登陆

执行登陆操作，通过读取浏览器cookie 来获取用户名

查看cookie

登陆成功

通过点击“退出”链接退出，再次访问http://127.0.0.1:8000/online/index/ 将不会显示用户名信息。

选择风格关闭

Django 实现注册 + 登录 + cookies 功能

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